شناسایی عوامل مؤثر بر همکاری بانک‌ها و فین‌تک‌ها با استفاده از مرور نظام‌مند ادبیات علمی

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار، گروه بازرگانی، دانشکده مدیریت، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

2 استادیار، گروه بازرگانی، دانشکده مدیریت، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

3 دانشیار، گروه فناوری اطلاعات، دانشکده مدیریت، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

4 دانشجوی دکتری، رشته سیاست‏گذاری بازرگانی، دانشکده مدیریت، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

هدف: امروزه، با ظهور فناوری‌های جدید و ایجاد تغییرات گسترده در رفتار مشتریان، صنعت بانکی دستخوش تغییر ساختار و رویکردهای سازمان‌دهی فرایندهای تجاری شده است. تحولات فناوری، الزامات قوانین و مقررات و بحران در اقتصاد در کنار تغییر انتظارات مشتریان، ضرورتی برای ایجاد تحول اساسی در نظام بانکی است. با در نظر گرفتن این عوامل، بانک‌های سنتی، با چالش‏های نوآوری در فرایندهای خود مواجهند. در این میان، شرکت‌های فین‌تک با بهره‌مندی از فناوری‌های دیجیتال، خدمات نوآورانه‌ای را برای مشتری‌مداری بیشتر عرضه کرده‌اند که در مواقعی بسیار کارآمدتر از بانک‌ها بوده است. همکاری میان این دو نهاد، در قابلیت‌های هر طرف و آورده‌های‏ آن برای طرف مقابل ریشه دارد و به اشکال گوناگون انجام شده است. در این مقاله با برشمردن عوامل اثرگذار بر الگوی همکاری بانک‏ و فین‌تک، راهبردهای همکاری بانک و فین‌تک بررسی شده است.
روش: برای دستیابی به هدف پژوهش، روش مرور نظام‌مند ادبیات پژوهشی مدنظر قرار گرفته است؛ از این رو با استفاده از چارچوب بیانیه پریزما، 986 مقاله انتخاب و طی دو مرحله پالایش، در نهایت 41 مقاله برای مرور نظام‌مند انتخاب شد.
یافته‌ها: 43 مؤلفه به‌عنوان عوامل مؤثر بر شکل‌گیری الگوهای همکاری در قالب 11 سازه و 4 مقوله اصلی شامل مشخصات طرفین، ویژگی‌های ارتباطی، مقتضیات همکاری و عوامل کلان صورت‌بندی شد.
نتیجه‌گیری: در پژوهش حاضر، عوامل زیادی به شکل‌گیری الگوی همکاری بانک و فین‌تک منجر شد؛ از این رو نباید آن را پدیده‌ای ساده انگاشت و باید به مفهوم چندبعدی این پدیده پیچیده با توجه بیشتری نگریست.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

A Systematic Literature Review of Bank-fintech Collaboration

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Ali Shah Hosseini 1
  • Masoud Keimasi 2
  • Mehdi Shami Zanjani 3
  • Maryam Haghighikhah 4
1 Associate Prof., Department of Business Management, Faculty of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
2 Assistant Prof., Department of Business Management, Faculty of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
3 Associate Prof., Department of IT, Faculty of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
4 Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Business Policy Making, Faculty of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Objective
With the advent of new technologies and the changing behavior of customers, the global banking industry needs to take on the challenges of innovation in its processes. Changes in technology, regulatory requirements, and the crisis in the economy along with changing the expectations of customers are the requirements for a substantial change in the banking system. Using digital technologies, fintech companies have offered innovative services to enhance customer satisfaction, in some cases proving more efficient than banks. The bank-fintech collaboration, which comes in various forms, relies on the capabilities of each institution and the cooperation’s benefits for each of them. Such collaboration has attracted the researchers' attention to the extent that a considerable number of papers have focused on fintechs despite its novelty. This study aims to review the existing scientific papers and their achievements regarding bank-fintech collaboration. This study focuses on the necessity, drivers and benefits, risks, obstacles, and types of bank-fintech collaboration in scientific papers.
 
Methodology
The present research is conducted based on the systematic literature review method. For this purpose, the related literature was systematically reviewed over a period of 7 months. At first, after specifying the subject of study, the research question was developed in accordance with the research design. Then the research protocol was designed and an appropriate mental model was designed accordingly. Subsequently, inclusion and exclusion criteria were determined. Accordingly, the comprehensive and systematic search began within the literature and 986 studies were considered. After classification, screening, and measurement of their quality (methodological assessment based on PRISMA Statement), 41 studies were finally examined in depth (through a detailed review of their abstracts, introduction, methodology, and results) and the required data were collected. Then, in the last step, the obtained data were classified, codified (using the open coding method through Excel software), synthesized, and finally summarized.
 
Findings
Based on the obtained results, all the factors that affect the cooperation between banks and fintech companies can be classified into four main categories of both parties’ characteristics, relational features, collaboration requirements, and macro issues. Each category also includes a number of subcategories and codes. A total of four categories, 11 sub-categories, and 43 codes make up the factors that play a role in the formation of cooperation between banks and fintech companies. According to the diversity of detected factors, it can be concluded that the formation of cooperation between banks and fintech companies is a complex process and must be considered a multi-dimensional concept.
 
Conclusion
Finally, a schematic Model was developed to explain how effective factors affect cooperation formation. According to the diversity of the detected factors, it can be concluded that the formation of cooperation among banks and fintech companies is a multi-dimensional and complex process.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Banking
  • Fintech
  • Cooperation Model

مراجع

سلطانی، مرتضی؛ طهماسبی آقبلاغی، داریوش ( 1399). تبیین نقش شراکت راهبردی بانک تجارت با فین‏تک‏ها در کارایی با میانجیگری تحولات فناورانه و بانکداری دیجیتال. مدیریت بازرگانی، 12(3)،800-832.
نجفی، فریبا؛ ایران دوست، منصور؛ سلطان‏پناه، هیرش؛ شیخ احمدی، امیر ( 1398). طراحی الگوی مدیریت ارتباط صنعت بانکداری ایران با فین‏تک‏ها و استارتاپ‏های فین‏تکی با رویکرد نظریه داده بنیاد. نشریه علمی راهبردهای بازرگانی، 16(13)، 1-18.
 
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مدیریت بازرگانی
دوره 14، شماره 2
1401
صفحه 199-227

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