عوامل مؤثر بر رشد کسب‌‌وکارهای نوپا در شرکت‌‌های هلدینگ: مرور نظام‌‌مند چندسطحی

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه استراتژی و سیاست‌گذاری کسب‌‌وکار، دانشکدۀ مدیریت کسب‌وکار، دانشکدگان مدیریت، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

2 استادیار، گروه استراتژی و سیاست‌گذاری کسب‌وکار، دانشکدۀ مدیریت کسب‌‌وکار، دانشکدگان مدیریت، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

3 دانشیار، گروه بازاریابی و توسعۀ بازار، دانشکدۀ مدیریت کسب‌وکار، دانشکدگان مدیریت، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

4 دانشیار، گروه مدیریت فناوری اطلاعات، دانشکدۀ مدیریت صنعتی و فناوری، دانشکدگان مدیریت، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

10.22059/jibm.2024.381868.4842

چکیده

هدف: رشد از موضوعات کلیدی کسب‌وکارها و به‌ویژه کسب‌وکارهای نوپاست. رشد موضوعی پیچیده و چندبُعدی است و پراکندگی نظری زیادی در خصوص آن وجود دارد. پژوهش‌های پیشین با استفاده از دیدگاه‌های نظری متفاوت، تمرکز بر جنبه‌های خاص و در نظر گرفتن بخشی از عوامل مهم و مؤثر، موضوع رشد را بررسی کرده‌اند که علاوه‌بر ایجاد واگرایی، ارتباطات میان آن‌ها مشخص نیست. پژوهش حاضر به‌دنبال واکاوی ادبیات و تلفیق یافته‌های پژوهش‌های انتشاریافتۀ پیشین در رابطه با عوامل مؤثر بر رشد کسب‌وکارهای نوپا در شرکت‌های هلدینگ و تعاملات این عوامل با یکدیگر است تا بتواند به تصویری کلان و چندوجهی از رشد کسب‌وکارهای نوپا در شرکت‌های هلدینگ دست یابد.
روش: با توجه به پراکندگی نظری و وجود پژوهش‌هایی با رویکردهای متفاوت و تمرکز بر جنبه‌های خاصی از رشد که می‌تواند موجب سردرگمی مخاطب شود، از یک سو و همچنین، طرح عوامل مؤثر بر رشد کسب‌وکارهای نوپا در سطوح مختلف در مطالعات پیشین از دیگر سو، از روش مرور نظام‌مند چندسطحی استفاده شد. در این راستا ۳۳۵۹ مقاله انتشار یافته طی سال‌های ۱۹۵۵ تا ۲۰۲۴ در پایگاه‌های داده اسکوپوس و وب‌آف‌ساینس، در حوزۀ رشد کسب‌وکارهای نوپا و تعاملات شرکت‌های هلدینگ و کسب‌وکارهای‌های تابعه آن‌ها، از جمله کسب‌وکارهای نوپا و استارتاپ‌ها، بر اساس معیارها و کلمه‌های کلیدی پژوهش استخراج و پس از غربالگری، ۱۵۲ مقاله، به‌شکلی عمیق تحلیل و بررسی شد.
یافته‌ها: در مجموع ۱۱۴۷ کد در قالب ۸ مقولۀ اصلی، ۳۳ زیرمقوله و ۳۱۹ مؤلفه شناسایی و بخش‌بندی شد. براساس رویکرد چندسطحی و با در نظر گرفتن رشد کسب‌وکار نوپا (۳ زیرمقوله و ۳۱ مؤلفه)، به‌عنوان مقولۀ محوری مد نظر این پژوهش، عوامل مؤثر شناسایی‌شده، در قالب چهار مقوله، شامل ویژگی‌های سازمانی کسب‌وکار نوپا (۱۲ زیرمقوله و ۹۵ مؤلفه)، تیم کارآفرینی شامل بنیان‌گذاران و مدیران (۲ زیرمقوله و ۴۸ مؤلفه)، شرکت هلدینگ (۳ زیرمقوله و ۳۰ مؤلفه) و عوامل زمینه‌ای (۳ زیرمقوله و ۳۲ مؤلفه) بازآرایی شدند. همچنین سه مقوله در ارتباط بین این سطوح با یکدیگر شکل گرفتند که عبارت‌اند از: تعاملات شرکت هلدینگ و کسب‌وکار نوپا (۴ زیرمقوله و ۵۲ مؤلفه)، تعاملات شرکت هلدینگ و تیم کارآفرینی (۲ زیرمقوله و ۹ مؤلفه) و قابلیت‌های مدیریت رشد کسب‌وکار نوپا (۴ زیرمقوله و ۲۲ مؤلفه).
نتیجه‌گیری: پژوهش حاضر چارچوبی مفهومی را برای رشد کسب‌وکارهای نوپا در شرکت‌های هلدینگ ارائه داده که علاوه بر سطح‌بندی عوامل مؤثر بر رشد، به ارتباط میان سطوح نیز موشکافانه توجه کرده است. با توجه به یافته‌های این پژوهش، رشد کسب‌وکارهای نوپا در شرکت‌های هلدینگ، پدیدۀ پیچیده‌ای است که از برآیند عوامل مختلف در قالب سطوح چهارگانه و تعاملات بین آن‌ها شکل می‌گیرد. به‌منظور انجام پژوهش‌های آتی، بررسی این چارچوب به‌صورت کیفی و کمی، به‌ویژه از منظر مطالعات چندسطحی و همچنین واکاوی سازوکارهای رشد و چگونگی تأثیر هر یک از عوامل در زمینه‌های محیطی متفاوت پیشنهاد می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Determinants of Startup Growth in Holding Companies: A Multilevel Systematic Review

نویسندگان [English]

  • Pedram Fazlinejad 1
  • Ali Heidari 2
  • Hashem Aghazadeh 3
  • Ayoub Mohammadian 4
1 Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Strategy and Business Policy Making, Faculty of Business Management, College of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
2 Assistant Prof., Department of Strategy and Business Policy Making, Faculty of Business Management, College of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
3 Associate Prof., Department of Marketing and Market Development, Faculty of Business Management, College of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
4 Associate Prof., Department of Information Technology Management, Faculty of Technology and Industrial Management, College of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Objective
Business growth is one of the most critical concerns for firms, particularly new ventures and start-ups. It is a complex and multidimensional phenomenon, accompanied by substantial theoretical fragmentation in the literature. Prior research has approached business growth from diverse theoretical perspectives, often focusing on specific dimensions and examining selected influencing factors. However, this fragmented body of work has contributed to conceptual divergence, and the interrelationships among key factors remain insufficiently clarified. The present study aims to analyze and synthesize the findings of prior research on the factors influencing the growth of start-up businesses within holding companies, as well as the interrelationships among these factors. In doing so, it seeks to develop a comprehensive and multidimensional understanding of start-up business growth in holding company contexts.
 
Methodology
Considering the theoretical fragmentation in the literature, along with studies adopting diverse approaches and focusing on specific aspects of business growth that may lead to conceptual ambiguity, and also acknowledging the presence of growth-related factors operating at different levels in prior research, a multilevel systematic review method was employed. Accordingly, 3,359 articles published between 1955 and 2024 in the Scopus and Web of Science databases, focusing on the growth of new and start-up businesses as well as the interactions between holding companies and their subsidiaries, including start-ups and emerging ventures, were retrieved based on predefined research criteria and keywords. After the screening process, 152 articles were selected for in-depth analysis.
 
Findings
A total of 1,147 codes were identified and organized into eight main categories, 33 subcategories, and 319 components. Based on a multilevel approach and with start-up business growth (three subcategories and 31 components) defined as the central category of the study, the identified influencing factors were restructured into four main categories: organizational characteristics of start-up businesses (12 subcategories and 95 components), entrepreneurial teams—including founders and managers—(two subcategories and 48 components), holding companies (three subcategories and 30 components), and contextual factors (three subcategories and 32 components). In addition, three categories were developed to capture the inter-level relationships, including interactions between the holding company and start-up businesses (four subcategories and 52 components), interactions between the holding company and entrepreneurial teams (two subcategories and nine subcomponents), and business growth management capabilities (four subcategories and 22 components).
 
Conclusion
The present study develops a conceptual framework for the growth of start-up businesses in holding companies, in which both the hierarchical structuring of growth-related factors and the interrelationships among these levels are considered. The findings suggest that the growth of new ventures within holding companies is a complex phenomenon shaped by multiple factors across four levels, as well as the interactions among them. For future research, it is recommended that this framework be examined using both qualitative and quantitative approaches, particularly through multilevel studies, as well as through analyses of growth mechanisms and the effects of individual factors across different environmental contexts.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Business growth
  • Holding company
  • Multi-level systematic review
  • Start-up business

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دوره 18، شماره 2
1405
صفحه 382-421

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