تأثیر تفکر طراحی بر توسعۀ پایدار فرایندهای کارآفرینی در حوزۀ گردشگری سلامت

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار، گروه کارآفرینی فناورانه، دانشکدۀ کارآفرینی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

2 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه کارآفرینی، دانشکدۀ کارآفرینی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

10.22059/jibm.2025.391533.4938

چکیده

هدف: در سال‌های اخیر، تفکر طراحی به‌عنوان رویکردی نوین و انسان‌محور برای حل مسائل پیچیده و نوآوری شناخته شده است و در صنعت گردشگری سلامت، می‌تواند با تأکید بر فرایندهای مشارکتی و خلاقانه، به حل چالش‌ها و بهره‌برداری از ظرفیت‌های این صنعت کمک کند. این مطالعه به بررسی نقش تفکر طراحی در ارتقای توسعۀ پایدار، بهبود فرایندهای کارآفرینی و استراتژی‌های کسب‌وکار در صنعت گردشگری سلامت می‌پردازد. همچنین هدف آن شناسایی عناصر کلیدی صنعت است که می‌توانند از به‌کارگیری تفکر طراحی بهره‌مند شوند.
روش: این پژوهش چارچوب نظری مبتنی بر مدل تفکر طراحی و اصول توسعۀ پایدار را ارائه می‌دهد. برای این منظور، مقاله‌ها و مطالعات مرتبط با تفکر طراحی، گردشگری سلامت، توسعۀ پایدار و کارآفرینی، از پایگاه‌های اطلاعاتی معتبری همچون اسکوپوس، وب‌آوساینس و گوگل اسکالر جمع‌آوری شدند. معیارهای انتخاب مقاله‌ها، عبارت بودند از: ارتباط مستقیم با موضوع تحقیق، به‌روز بودن و کیفیت علمی آن‌ها. پس از جمع‌آوری مقاله‌های منتخب، محتوا به‌دقت بررسی و مفهوم‌ها و نکته‌های مهم هر مقاله استخراج شد. تأثیر تفکر طراحی در گردشگری سلامت، برای نخستین‌بار به‌طور جامع در این مطالعه بررسی شده است. همچنین پتانسیل‌های این صنعت مانند توسعۀ پایدار، نقش مدل‌های نوآورانۀ کسب‌وکار و تأثیر آن بر فرهنگ و اقتصاد محلی و چالش‌های موجود در فرایند ادغام تفکر طراحی بررسی شده است. نوآوری اصلی این پژوهش، ارائۀ مدلی ترکیبی از تفکر طراحی و اصول توسعۀ پایدار است. بر مبنای داده‌های استخراج‌شده از مطالعات پیشین و نمونه‌های بررسی شده و تحلیل مفهومی، یک مدل نظری طراحی شد که نشان می‌دهد چگونه هر مرحله از تفکر طراحی، می‌تواند به بهبود فرایندهای کارآفرینی و در نهایت توسعۀ پایدار در حوزۀ گردشگری سلامت کمک کند. این مدل مفهومی نشان می‌دهد که چگونه می‌توان از تفکر طراحی برای بهبود کیفیت خدمات، افزایش رضایت گردشگران و ارتقای قابلیت‌های کارآفرینانه و توسعۀ مدل‌های کسب‌وکار پایدار استفاده کرد. همچنین، این مدل راه‌کارهایی برای توسعۀ پایدار و طراحی خدمات مبتنی بر همکاری بین ذی‌نفعان ارائه می‌دهد.
یافته‌ها: این مطالعه، پنج مرحلۀ اصلی تفکر طراحی، شامل همدلی، تعریف مشکل، ایده‌پردازی، نمونه‌سازی و آزمایش را شناسایی و تأثیر آن‌ها را بر کیفیت خدمات و تجربۀ گردشگر در صنعت گردشگری سلامت بررسی کرده است. نتایج نشان می‌دهد که استفاده از تفکر طراحی، می‌تواند فرایندهای کارآفرینی را به‌طور چشمگیری بهبود بخشد، نوآوری را تقویت کند و راه‌حل‌های مؤثری برای چالش‌های صنعت ارائه دهد. همچنین تفکر طراحی می‌تواند به تقویت استراتژی‌های کسب‌وکار، افزایش رقابت‌پذیری صنعت و ترویج رشد پایدار کمک کند.
نتیجه‌گیری: این مطالعه بینش‌های ارزشمندی برای کارآفرینان، سیاست‌گذاران و ذی‌نفعان علاقه‌مند به گسترش صنعت گردشگری سلامت ارائه می‌دهد. مدل مفهومی پیشنهادی نشان می‌دهد که چگونه تفکر طراحی می‌تواند برای بهبود کیفیت خدمات، افزایش رضایت گردشگران و تقویت قابلیت‌های کارآفرینی، نوآوری‌های جدید و مدل‌های کسب‌وکار پایدار در این بخش به‌کار گرفته شود. در نهایت، پیشنهادهایی برای آیندۀ این صنعت ارائه شده است. این پیشنهادها عبارت‌اند از: همکاری گسترده‌تر بین ذی‌نفعان، توسعۀ مدل‌های نوین گردشگری سلامت، توجه بیشتر به ملاحظات زیست‌محیطی، یادگیری مداوم و استفاده از فناوری‌های پیشرفته.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Impact of Design Thinking on the Sustainable Development of Entrepreneurial Processes in the Health Tourism Sector

نویسندگان [English]

  • Abolghasem Arabiun 1
  • Leila Hamdollahi 2
  • Afshin Moghadasi 2
1 Associate Prof., Department of Technological Entrepreneurship, Faculty of Entrepreneurship, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
2 Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Entrepreneurship, Faculty of Entrepreneurship, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Objective
In recent years, design thinking has been recognized as an innovative, human-centered approach to solving complex problems and driving innovation. In the health tourism industry, it can contribute to addressing challenges and harnessing the potential of the industry by focusing on participatory and creative processes. This study examines the role of design thinking in promoting sustainable development, improving entrepreneurial processes, and business strategies in the health tourism industry. Additionally, it aims to identify the key elements of the industry that could benefit from the application of design thinking.
 
Methodology
This research provides a theoretical framework based on the design thinking model and the principles of sustainable development. To this end, articles and studies related to design thinking, health tourism, sustainable development, and entrepreneurship were collected from reputable databases such as Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The selection criteria for the articles included their direct relevance to the research topic, their up-to-date nature, and their academic quality. After gathering the selected articles, the content was thoroughly reviewed, and the key concepts and main points of each article were extracted. This study is the first to comprehensively examine the impact of design thinking on Iranian health tourism. It also explores the potential of the industry, such as sustainable development, the role of innovative business models, and its impact on local culture and economy, as well as the challenges in integrating design thinking. The main innovation of this research is the proposal of a hybrid model combining design thinking and sustainable development principles. Based on data extracted from previous studies and case examples, a conceptual model was developed that shows how each stage of design thinking can contribute to improving entrepreneurial processes and ultimately achieving sustainable development in the field of health tourism. This conceptual model demonstrates how design thinking can be used to enhance service quality, increase tourist satisfaction, and improve entrepreneurial capabilities and the development of sustainable business models. Additionally, it offers strategies for sustainable development and service design based on collaboration among stakeholders.
 
Findings
This study identifies the five main stages of design thinking - empathy, problem definition, ideation, prototyping, and testing - and examines their impact on service quality and the tourist experience in the health tourism industry. The results show that applying design thinking can significantly improve entrepreneurial processes, foster innovation, and provide effective solutions to industry challenges. Furthermore, design thinking can strengthen business strategies, increase industry competitiveness, and promote sustainable growth.
 
Conclusion
This study offers valuable insights for entrepreneurs, policymakers, and stakeholders interested in expanding the health tourism industry. The proposed conceptual model illustrates how design thinking can be employed to improve service quality, enhance tourist satisfaction, strengthen entrepreneurial capabilities, foster new innovations, and develop sustainable business models within this sector. Finally, recommendations for the future of the industry are provided. These include broader collaboration among stakeholders, the development of innovative health tourism models, greater attention to environmental considerations, continuous learning, and the adoption of advanced technologies.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Design thinking
  • Sustainable development
  • Health tourism
  • Entrepreneurial processes
  • Innovation

مراجع

Aall, C., Dodds, R., Sælensminde, I. & Brendehaug, E. (2015). Introducing the concept of environmental policy integration into the discourse on sustainable tourism: A way to improve policy-making and implementation? Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 23(7), 977–989. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2015.1032300
Akmal, A., Foote, J., Podgorodnichenko, N., Greatbanks, R. & Gauld, R. (2022). Understanding resistance in lean implementation in healthcare environments: An institutional logics perspective. Production Planning & Control, 33(4), 356–370. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537287.2020.1823510
Allan, J., Ball, P. & Alston, M. (2008). You have to face your mistakes in the street: The contextual keys that shape health service access and health workers’ experiences in rural areas. Rural and Remote Health. https://doi.org/10.22605/RRH835
Altman, M., Huang, T. T. K. & Breland, J. Y. (2018a). Design Thinking in Health Care. Preventing Chronic Disease, 15, 180128. https://doi.org/10.5888/pcd15.180128
Amouzagar, S., Mojaradi, Z., Izanloo, A., Beikzadeh, S. & Milani, M. (2016). Qualitative Examination of Health Tourism and Its Challenges. International Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health, 4(3), 88–91. https://doi.org/10.21859/ijtmgh-040304
Anđelković, D., Vapa-Tankosić, J., Petrović, V. & Liberakos, A. (2024). The multidimensional role of health tourism as a part of the green economy in the function of sustainable development of the Republic Serbia. Ekonomija: Teorija i Praksa, 17(2), 43–58. https://doi.org/10.5937/etp2402043A
Avcı, Ü. & Yıldız Durak, H. (2024). Pair or Group-Design Activities: The Effect of Design Activities on Problem-Solving, Design Thinking Disposition, and Design Thinking Traits. Psychology in the Schools, 62(3), 834-852. https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.23356
Balcioglu, Y. S. (2024). Exploring consumer engagement and satisfaction in health and wellness tourism through text-mining. Kybernetes. 54(11), 6886-6910. https://doi.org/10.1108/K-12-2023-2721
Becken, S. & Loehr, J. (2023). Asia–Pacific tourism futures emerging from COVID-19 recovery responses and implications for sustainability. Journal of Tourism Futures, 9(1), 35–48. https://doi.org/10.1108/JTF-05-2021-0131
Beny Paul, E. (2019). Health Tourism: Customer Satisfaction with Reference to Amala Ayurvedic Hospital and Research Centre, Thrissur, Kerala. Asian Review of Social Sciences, 8(S1), 84–87. https://doi.org/10.51983/arss-2019.8.S1.1487
 Blažević, O. (2016). Health Tourism and “Smart Specialisation.” Utms Journal of Economics, 7, 85-95.
Borek, D., Bugajska, M. & Raniszewski, S. (2023). Innovative trends in health tourism – medical, legal and organizational aspects. Scientific Papers of Silesian University of Technology Organization and Management Series, 2023(172). https://doi.org/10.29119/1641-3466.2023.172.2
Butler, R. W. & Szromek, A. R. (2019). Incorporating the Value Proposition for Society with Business Models of Health Tourism Enterprises. Sustainability, 11(23), 6711. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11236711
Chang, K. G., Chien, H., Cheng, H. & Chen, H. (2018). The Impacts of Tourism Development in Rural Indigenous Destinations: An Investigation of the Local Residents’ Perception Using Choice Modeling. Sustainability, 10(12), 4766. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10124766
Charpentier-Alcívar, A., Hernández-Gutiérrez, D. N., Contreras-Velázquez, L. M. & Proaño-Varela, J. (2024). Contribución a la sostenibilidad de los emprendimientos turísticos, utilizando la metodología Desing Thinking. Revista Metropolitana de Ciencias Aplicadas, 7(2), 100–109. https://doi.org/10.62452/w2c0n996
Dobrovolschi, M. (2024). Entrepreneurial Behavior in the Health Tourism Market. In Development through Research and Innovation. 242–255. https://doi.org/10.53486/dri2023.18
Dolynska, O., Shorobura, I. & Binytska, O. (2023). Innovations in Tourism. The Scientific Issues of Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University. Series: Geography, 55(2), 58–64. https://doi.org/10.25128/2519-4577.23.2.7
Dorst, K. (2011). The core of ‘design thinking’ and its application. Design Studies, 32(6), 521–532. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.destud.2011.07.006
Engeset, M. G., Hull, J. S. & Velvin, J. (2016). Promoting service excellence for tourist destinations. International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research, 10(4), 440–454. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCTHR-08-2015-0097
Erkanli, E., Kilic, H. & Ozturen, A. (2024a). Sustainable Recovery in Health Tourism: Managerial Insights from a Mediterranean Destination during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Sustainability, 16(18), 8171. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16188171
Fang, J. (2023). Innovation of Development Model for Health-Preserving Tourism in Yunnan Province, China. Asia Social Science Academy, 10(2), 93–101. https://doi.org/10.51600/jass.2023.10.2.93
Figueiredo, N., Abrantes, J. L. & Costa, S. (2024). Mapping the Sustainable Development in Health Tourism: A Systematic Literature Review. Sustainability, 16(5), 1901. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16051901
Ge, H. & Chen, X. (2024) Research on Tourist Satisfaction and Behavioral Intention in Ecological Health Tourism Activities in Bama, Guangxi Based on Structural Equation Model. GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites, 52(1), 221–230. https://doi.org/10.30892/gtg.52121-1198
Gheorghe, A. F., Stefan, I. A., Stefan, A., Tsalapatas, H. & Heidmann, O. (2021). Design Thinking for Business Innovation, eLearning & Software for Education, 392–399. https://doi.org/10.12753/2066-026X-21-049
Gkevreki, S., Fiska, V., Nikolopoulos, S. & Kompatsiaris, I. (2024). Enhancing Sustainability in Health Tourism through an Ontology-Based Booking Application for Personalized Packages. Sustainability, 16(15), 6505. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16156505
Goldsby, M. G., Kuratko, D. F., Marvel, M. R. & Nelson, T. (2017). Design-Centered Entrepreneurship: A Four Stage Iterative Process for Opportunity Development. Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship, 29(6), 477–490. https://doi.org/10.1080/08276331.2017.1377396
Guzairy, M., Mohamad, N. & Wan Mahmood, W. H. (2024). Dynamic Capabilities and Technology Competence: A Study on Firm Performance in Groom Big Programs. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 14(10), 3110-3116. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v14-i10/23168
Hardiyanto, A. & Suryani, E. (2024). The Development of Customer Self-Service Prototype for Readymix Concrete After Sales Service Using Design Thinking Method. Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, 5(12), 6192–6205. https://doi.org/10.59141/jist.v5i12.8859
Herawan, D. (2019). Design Thinking Approaches in Development of Indonesia Higher Education Startup. Jurnal of Business Studies, 5(2), 103. https://doi.org/10.32497/jobs.v5i2.1711
Hofer, S., Honegger, F. & Hubeli, J. (2012). Health tourism: Definition focused on the Swiss market and conceptualisation of health(i)ness. Journal of Health Organization and Management, 26(1), 60–80. https://doi.org/10.1108/14777261211211098
Indrianto, A. T. L., Oktavio, A., Azmi, A., Abdullah, A., Isa, N. M., Adityaji, R. & Cahyana Subadi, L. (2024a). Exploration of The Teaching and Learning Model Using the Design Thinking Method in Developing Community-Based Tourism. Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental, 18(1), e04740. https://doi.org/10.24857/rgsa.v18n1-061
Ionescu, A.-M. & Sârbu, F. A. (2024). Exploring the Impact of Smart Technologies on the Tourism Industry. Sustainability, 16(8), 3318. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16083318
Jennings, G. & Nickerson, N. (Eds.). (2006). Quality Tourism Experiences (0 ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780080455778
Jiang, Y. (2009). Evaluating eco-sustainability and its spatial variability in tourism areas: A case study in Lijiang County, China. International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology, 16(2), 117–126. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504500902808628
Jónás-Berki, M., Csapó, J., Pálfi, A. & Aubert, A. (2015). A Market and Spatial Perspective of Health Tourism Destinations: The Hungarian Experience. International Journal of Tourism Research, 17(6), 602–612. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.2027
Kabra, G. & Mukerjee, H. S. (2024). Analyzing barriers to design thinking adoption within organizations: A DEMATEL approach. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 74(3), 915-939. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPPM-12-2023-0670
Kantorová, K., Mlázovský, M. & Svoboda, O. (2023). Customer Loyalty in Spa Tourism: A Case Study. International Conference on Tourism Research, 6(1), 123–130. https://doi.org/10.34190/ictr.6.1.1213
Keivan Hosseiny, A., Aryakian, Z. & Aryakian, Z. (2024). Study of Effective Factors and Policies on the Development of Health Tourism in Iran as a Developing Country. Shiraz E-Medical Journal, 26(1). https://doi.org/10.5812/semj-154350
Kokkranikal, J. & Morrison, A. (2002). Entrepreneurship and Sustainable Tourism: The Houseboats of Kerala. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 4(1), 7–20. https://doi.org/10.1177/146735840200400102
Koomans, M. & Hilders, C. (2016). Design-Driven Leadership for Value Innovation in Healthcare. Design Management Journal, 11(1), 43–57. https://doi.org/10.1111/dmj.12031
Lee, J. & Kim, H. (2015). Success factors of health tourism: Cases of Asian tourism cities. International Journal of Tourism Cities, 1(3), 216–233. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJTC-08-2014-0014
Lin, M. C., Hughes, B. L., Katica, M. K., Dining-Zuber, C., & Plsek, P. E. (2011). Service design and change of systems: Human-centered approaches to implementing and spreading service design. International Journal of Design, 5(2).
Liu, L., Zhou, Y. & Sun, X. (2023). The Impact of the Wellness Tourism Experience on Tourist Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Tourist Satisfaction. Sustainability, 15(3), 1872. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15031872
Lobão, L., Vieira Rabaioli, B. T., Gauthier, E., Lobão De Araújo, L. & Costa Meireles, M. A. (2023). The use of Design Thinking in creating projects and improving customer value perception: An experience report on software projects at a Research and Development Institute in Amazonas. Proceedings of the XXII Brazilian Symposium on Software Quality, 264–273. https://doi.org/10.1145/3629479.3629506
Lopes, A. P. & Rodríguez-López, N. (2022). Application of a Decision-Making Tool for Ranking Wellness Tourism Destinations. Sustainability, 14(23), 15498. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142315498
Maha, C. C., Kolawole, T. O. & Abdul, S. (2024). Revolutionizing community health literacy: The power of digital health tools in rural areas of the US and Africa. GSC Advanced Research and Reviews, 19(2), 286–296. https://doi.org/10.30574/gscarr.2024.19.2.0189
Marković, S., Lončarić, D., & Lončarić, D. (2014). Service quality and customer satisfaction in the health care industry-towards health tourism market. Tourism and hospitality management, 20(2), 155-170.
Mažeikienė, N. & Gerulaitienė, E. (2022). Negotiating post-nuclear identities through tourism development in the ‘atomic town’ Visaginas. Journal of Baltic Studies, 53(3), 437–457. https://doi.org/10.1080/01629778.2022.2092163
McDonagh, D. (2010). Rethinking Design Thinking: Empathy Supporting Innovation. Australasian Medical Journal, 458–464. https://doi.org/10.4066/AMJ.2010.391
Menon, R. B., Avadhani, V. D., Menon, P. B. & Das, D. (2023). Development of an entrepreneurship model using the design thinking approach and emotional intelligence for sustainable wellness among the young generation. Cogent Business & Management, 10(3), 2271243. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2023.2271243
Mogaka, J. J. O., Mupara, L. & Tsoka-Gwegweni, J. M. (2017). Ethical issues associated with medical tourism in Africa. Journal of Market Access & Health Policy, 5(1), 1309770. https://doi.org/10.1080/20016689.2017.1309770
Moghadam, F. N. P., Tavakoli, N. & Farzaneh, H. (2023). Investigating the Challenges of Medical tourism Development in Affiliated Centers of Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS). Evidence Based Health Policy, Management and Economics. https://doi.org/10.18502/jebhpme.v7i2.13142
Mohamad, I. S. R., Perdana, I., & Nuraliza, H. (2024). Pengembangan aplikasi mobile untuk pasien Telkomedika dengan tipe kepribadian influence menggunakan metode design thinking. Jurnal Indonesia: Manajemen Informatika Dan Komunikasi, 5(3), 2840-2853. https://doi.org/10.35870/jimik.v5i3.963
Morozov, M. A., Morozova, N. S. & Russian New University, Moscow, Russia. (2021). Digital provision of medical and health tourism in a new reality. The Professors’ Magazine. Recreation and Tourism Series, 3(11), 14–20. https://doi.org/10.18572/2686-858X-2021-11-3-14-20
Mwende, W. G. (2024). The Role of Telehealth in Rural Healthcare Access. Research Output Journal of Public Health and Medicine, 3(2), 18–21. https://doi.org/10.59298/ROJPHM/2024/321821
Obregón Espinoza, E. L., Neri Ayala, A. C., Ramos Y Yovera, S. E., Caro Soto, F. G. & Muñoz Vilela, A. J. (2023). Design Thinking as a tool for fostering innovation and entrepreneurship. Salud, Ciencia y Tecnología, 3, 368. https://doi.org/10.56294/saludcyt2023368
Odinokova, T. (2019). Tourism cluster as a form of innovation activity. Economics Ecology Socium, 3(2), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.31520/2616-7107/2019.3.2-1
Oliveira, M., Zancul, E. & Fleury, A. L. (2021). Design thinking as an approach for innovation in healthcare: Systematic review and research avenues. BMJ Innovations, 7(2), 491–498. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjinnov-2020-000428
Panyadee, C., Krajangchom, S., Sangkakorn, K. & Intawong, K. (2023). Smart Wellness Technology for Tourism Destination Based-on Evolving Tourist Expectation Model. TEM Journal, 1218–1226. https://doi.org/10.18421/TEM122-68
Pasca Al Bahy, M. (2023). Development Possibilities of ECO-Medical Tourism in Azerbaijan. Tourism and Hospitality Studies, 12(2). https://doi.org/10.61226/12.2.2023.3
Petrosoniak, A., Hicks, C., Barratt, L., Gascon, D., Kokoski, C., Campbell, D., White, K., Bandiera, G., Lum-Kwong, M. M., Nemoy, L. & Brydges, R. (2020). Design Thinking–Informed Simulation: An Innovative Framework to Test, Evaluate, and Modify New Clinical Infrastructure. Simulation in Healthcare: The Journal of the Society for Simulation in Healthcare, 15(3), 205–213. https://doi.org/10.1097/SIH.0000000000000408
Phetkongtong, N. & Nulong, N. (2022). Design Guidelines for the Hot Spring Renovation by Participatory Action Research (PAR) and Design Thinking for Sustainable Health Tourism Promotion. International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning, 17(5), 1489–1498. https://doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.170513
Ramanauskas, J. & Banevicius, S. (2021). Principles of Organizational Wisdom in the Health Tourism Industry. Baltic Journal of Economic Studies, 7(4), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2021-7-4-1-7
Rau, C., Zbiek, A. & Jonas, J. M. (2017). Creating Competitive Advantage from Services: A Design Thinking Case Study from the Commodities Industry Service design thinking can provide the tools to help companies design value propositions that meet customer needs and sustain competitive advantage. Research-Technology Management, 60(3), 48–56. https://doi.org/10.1080/08956308.2017.1301003
Ridho, H., Harahap, K., Loppies, Y. & Subarna, D. (2024). Innovative sustainable business model: A case study of eco-tourism in Bukit Lawang. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1352(1), 012026. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1352/1/012026
Rita, P., Tiago, M. T.B. & Sousa, N. (2024). Empirical Insights into Co-Creation, Satisfaction, and Willingness to Pay in Sustainable Tourism. Journal of Tourism and Services, 15(29), 133–152. https://doi.org/10.29036/jots.v15i29.804
Roberts, J. P., Fisher, T. R., Trowbridge, M. J. & Bent, C. (2016). A design thinking framework for healthcare management and innovation. Healthcare, 4(1), 11–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hjdsi.2015.12.002
Sandy, M. Y. (2025). Linking Employee Training and Development to Enhanced Customer Satisfaction in Hotels. Journal of International Multidisciplinary Research, 3(1), 56–70. https://doi.org/10.62504/jimr1151
Sayed, Z., Proches, C. N. G., Kader, A. & Taylor, S. (2024a). The Applicability of Design Thinking in the Tourism Sector, Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa. Qeios. https://doi.org/10.32388/ARJMSR
Selvaraj, S. (2024). Enhancing Healthcare Access in Rural Communities: Assessing the Influence of Telehealth Services and Information Technology. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), 13(7), 1141–1145. https://doi.org/10.21275/SR24723160704
Smith, M. K. (2021). Creating wellness tourism experiences. In R. Sharpley, Routledge Handbook of the Tourist Experience (1st ed., pp. 364–377). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003219866-30
Streimikiene, D., Svagzdiene, B., Jasinskas, E. & Simanavicius, A. (2021). Sustainable tourism development and competitiveness: The systematic literature review. Sustainable Development, 29(1), 259–271. https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.2133
Suardana, W., Astuti, P. P., Jaya, R. & Taufik, M. (2024). Building Sustainable Tourism and Strengthening Local Economies in Tourism Villages through Homestay and Stakeholder Participation. Journal of Economic Education and Entrepreneurship Studies, 5(3), 502–516. https://doi.org/10.62794/je3s.v5i3.4373
Sukma, A. (2024). Medical tourism in central Java: Influences of image and promotion. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 14673584241311283. https://doi.org/10.1177/14673584241311283
Sunder, M. V., Mahalingam, S. & Krishna, M. S. N. (2020). Improving patients’ satisfaction in a mobile hospital using Lean Six Sigma – a design-thinking intervention. Production Planning & Control, 31(6), 512–526. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537287.2019.1654628
Szromek, A. R. (2021). Transformation of Business Models in Spa Enterprises for Medical Purposes in Situations of Epidemic Threats. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 7(2), 143. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc7020143
Szromek, A. R., Puciato, D., Markiewicz-Patkowska, J. I. & Colmekcioglu, N. (2023a). Health tourism enterprises and adaptation for sustainable development. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 35(1), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-01-2022-0060
Szymańsk, E., Dziedzic, E. & Rutkowski, A. (2017). Organisational Innovations in Health Resort-based Tourism. Business: Theory and Practice, 18(0), 54–63. https://doi.org/10.3846/btp.2017.006
Tengilimoğlu, D., Taş, D., Sönmez, E, Bircan, İ. & Güzel, A. (2014). Health Tourism and Patient Satisfaction in Turkey: The Ankara Example. International Journal of Economic
Tkachenko, A. & Plinokos, D. (2021). Design Thinking as a New Paradigm of Startup Development. Central Ukrainian Scientific Bulletin. Economic Sciences, 6(39), 238–246. https://doi.org/10.32515/2663-1636.2021.
Trip, D.T., Simut, R. & Badulescu, D. (2023a). Do Size and Ownership Determine the Willingness for Sustainable Innovations in Spa and Health Tourism? A Case Study on Baile Felix Spa Resort, Romania. Sustainability, 15(19), 14501. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151914501
Upadhyay-Dhungel, K. (2024). Health Tourism and Grey Tourism: A Virgin Opportunity for Economical growth of Nepal. Journal of Karnali Academy of Health Sciences, 7(3). https://doi.org/10.61814/jkahs.v7i3.967
Verma, P., Kumar, V., Daim, T. & Kumar Sharma, N. (2024). Design Thinking Framework Toward Management Control System in Environmental Dynamism: An Innovation Perspective. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 71, 4955–4970. https://doi.org/10.1109/TEM.2023.3238665
Viken, A., Höckert, E. & Grimwood, B. S. R. (2021). Cultural sensitivity: Engaging difference in tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 89, 103223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2021.103223
Warih Wulandari, L. (2024). Strategic Alliance Implementation In the Development of Wellness Tourism Trends (Case Study of Putri Kedaton Yogyakarta Indonesia). Asian Journal of Social and Humanities, 3(3), 573–582. https://doi.org/10.59888/ajosh.v3i3.462
Westhuizen, D., Conrad, N., Douglas, T. S. & Mutsvangwa, T. (2020). Engaging Communities on Health Innovation: Experiences in Implementing Design Thinking. International Quarterly of Community Health Education, 41(1), 101–114. https://doi.org/10.1177/0272684X19900880
Wheeler, G., Langley, J. & Mills, N. (2019). Risk & Reward. Exploring Design’s role in measuring outcomes in health. The Design Journal, 22(sup1), 2231–2234. https://doi.org/10.1080/14606925.2019.1595017
Wiramatika, I. G. & Sumardani, R. (2024). Local Community Participation in Management of Batur Natural Hot Spring as a Tirta Tourist Attraction in Kintamani, Bangli Regency. Jurnal Manajemen Pelayanan Hotel, 8(1), 386. https://doi.org/10.37484/080123
Wolcott, M. D. & McLaughlin, J. E. (2020). Promoting Creative Problem-Solving in Schools of Pharmacy With the Use of Design Thinking. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 84(10), ajpe8065. https://doi.org/10.5688/ajpe8065
Wolcott, M. D., McLaughlin, J. E., Hubbard, D. K., Rider, T. R. & Umstead, K. (2021a). Twelve tips to stimulate creative problem-solving with design thinking. Medical Teacher, 43(5), 501–508. https://doi.org/10.1080/0142159X.2020.1807483
Wright, D. W. M. & Zascerinska, S. (2023). Becoming immortal: Future wellness and medical tourism markets. Journal of Tourism Futures, 9(2), 168–195. https://doi.org/10.1108/JTF-05-2021-0119
Xinran, X. Y. & Mark, M. R. (2019). Vacation as a Public Health Resource: Toward a Wellness-Centered Tourism Design Approach. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 43(7), 935–960. https://doi.org/10.1177/1096348019849684
Yin, X. (2024). Health Tourism Experience in the Digital Era: Intelligent Technology and User Satisfaction. Frontiers in Business, Economics and Management, 12(3), 175–177. https://doi.org/10.54097/9x394wl6
Yum, K. & Yoo, B. (2023). The Impact of Service Quality on Customer Loyalty through Customer Satisfaction in Mobile Social Media. Sustainability, 15(14), 11214. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151411214
Zulaikha, E., Andansari, D. & Susandari, H. (2023). Empathy-Driven Innovation: Analysis of Five User-Centered Design Thinking Case Studies. Asian HCI Symposium, 23, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1145/3604571.3604572
Түрк, Е. & Ари, Я. (2024). The Role of Health Tourism Travel Agencies in Health Tourism. Bulletin of the International University of Tourism and Hospitality, 5(3), 6–14. https://doi.org/10.62867/3007-0848.2024-3/5.01
مدیریت بازرگانی
دوره 18، شماره 2
1405
صفحه 719-758

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار