شناسایی ابعاد مدل تاب‌آوری فردی بنیان‌گذاران استارتاپ‌های ایرانی

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه مدیریت بازرگانی، دانشکده مدیریت، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

2 استادیار، گروه مدیریت بازرگانی، دانشکده مدیریت، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

3 استادیار، گروه کارآفرینی کسب‌‌وکار جدید، دانشکده کارآفرینی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

هدف: با توجه به درصد بالای شکست استارتاپ‌ها و فضای زیست‌بوم استارتاپی ایران و بحران‌های اقتصادی ـ سیاسی در سال‌های اخیر، عمده کارآفرینانی که به‌تازگی وارد دنیای استارتاپی می‌شوند با پدیده شکست کارآفرینی مواجه می‌شوند. بنابراین، لزوم بررسی ابعاد تاب‌آوری کارآفرینان و شناخت ماهیت آن‌ها در جامعه کارآفرینی ایرانی ضروری است. بر این اساس، هدف از اجرای این پژوهش، شناسایی عوامل و ابعاد مدل تاب‌آوری فردی بنیان‌گذاران استارتاپ‌ها بوده است.
روش: این پژوهش با جهت‌گیری توصیفی ـ اکتشافی و رویکرد استقرایی با استراتژی پدیدارشناسی اجرا شده است. با انجام مصاحبه‌های عمیق روایی با 13 نفر از بنیان‌گذاران استارتاپ‌های ایرانی و استفاده از تکنیک تحلیل مقوله در تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده‌ها، 5 مقوله اصلی، 16 مقوله فرعی و 454 کد اولیه (مفهوم) شناسایی شد.
یافته‌ها: شکل‌گیری تاب‌آوری کارآفرینان ایرانی را می‌توان در پنج بعد دسته‌بندی کرد: ویژگی کارآفرین، حمایت و کمک بیرونی، ابعاد شکست، روند ایجاد تاب‌آوری پس از شکست و نتایج رشد فردی.
نتیجه‌گیری: مدلی از اجزای روند شکل‌گیری تاب‌آوری، از ابعاد یک شکست تا مسیر بروز رفتار تاب‌آورانه و در نهایت رشدهای ناشی از تاب‌آوری، ارائه شد. به‌علاوه، بخش‌هایی از یافته‌های جدید این پژوهش، همانند اثرهای دوگانه برخی عوامل، از جمله اعتمادبه‌نفس، علاقه به کسب‌وکار و نقش همسر تحلیل شد. در نهایت پیشنهادهای کاربردی برآمده از نتایج پژوهش، برای کارآفرینان، سرمایه‌گذاران و سایر فعالان زیست‌بوم استارتاپی کشور، از جمله توسعه توانمندی‌های روان‌شناختی، مهارت‌های مورد نیاز و شبکه ارتباطی کاری/ غیرکاری کارآفرین، تغییر رویکردهای ذهنی، رفتاری و فرهنگی توسعه‌پذیر و حمایت‌ها و زیرساخت‌های لازم مطرح شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Identifying the Dimensions of Personal Resilience Model of Iranian Startup Founders

نویسندگان [English]

  • Vahid Yousefian Arani 1
  • Marjan Fayyazi 2
  • Fereshteh Amin 2
  • Ali Davari 3
1 Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Business Management, Faculty of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
2 Assistant Prof., Department of Business Management, Faculty of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
3 Assistant Prof., Department of Business Creation, Faculty of Entrepreneurship, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Objective
Considering the high rate of failure among startups and the atmosphere of the Iranian startup ecosystem, as well as the economic-political crisis in recent years, lots of entrepreneurs starting their business face failure or serious crisis. Thus, investigating the dimensions of entrepreneurs' resilience and its nature among Iranian entrepreneurs is vital. Hence, the objective of this research is to identify the dimensions of the personal resilience of startup founders.
 
Methodology
This research has a descriptive-exploratory orientation, inductive approach, and phenomenological strategy. Conducting in-depth interviews with 13 Iranian startup founders and carrying out thematic analysis, five main themes, 16 subsidiary themes, and 454 codes were extracted.
 
Findings
Based on the achieved results, the formation of personal resilience among entrepreneurs consists of five main themes: (1) Entrepreneur's characteristics: including personal characteristics and psychological capabilities, values and beliefs, entrepreneurial motivation, and skills and readiness for facing business adversities, (2) External support: including psychologically empowering factors and providing needed facilities by different sources of support for instance from a spouse, family, friends, co-founders, employees, investors, mentors, therapist, customers, and society, (3) Characteristics of failure: including costs of failure and causes of failure, (4) The process of forming resilience: including initial actions for improving mood, initial reactions, mental approaches and actions, person-related proceedings and work-related proceedings, and (5) After-failure growth: including psychological growth, attitudinal growth, work-related behavioral growth, and non-work-related behavioral growth.
 
Conclusion
This study presented a model of resilience formation from failure to shaping resilience, to after-failure growth. This model clarifies the dimensions of entrepreneurs' personal resilience in more detail by putting dimensions in three relatively distinct time intervals. It also discussed several factors in entrepreneurs' personal resilience in more detail, adding to the existing literature. The dual role of self-confidence is notable in this regard. Self-confidence and efficacy can strengthen one's resilience; however, if not realistic, such self-confidence can amplify the negative consequences of failure, as entrepreneurs cannot act as expected by themselves in the face of adversity. Another dual factor in personal resiliency is the bond between an entrepreneur and a business, which is usually referred to as parental love. Although this passion and love for the business advance them to persist in the business, it may blind the entrepreneur's unbiased analysis of the problems and challenges both in the internal and external environment, which may lead them to more business crises. The current study also emphasizes the high similarity between entrepreneurs' characteristics that strengthen one's resiliency, and the reported growth as a result of resilient coping with failure, in different aspects such as psychological capabilities, values and beliefs, attitudes, and behavioral improvements. It suggests that facing adversity and showing resilience toward failure, is, by itself, an important source of even more resilience. Finally, based on the findings, applicable suggestions on increasing the personal resiliency of entrepreneurs are presented, including the development of psychological capabilities, skills, and work/family/friends network and their means; learning mental and behavioral approaches toward business failure such as acceptance, mourning over the loss of failure, and avoiding denial; cultural attempts toward a better atmosphere in Iranian startup ecosystem by investors and other players in Iran's startup ecosystem such as looking at using psychotherapy counseling as a personal development attempt; and supports and infrastructures needed to improve resilience.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Entrepreneurial failure
  • Personal resiliency
  • startup
  • Thematic analysis

مراجع

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مدیریت بازرگانی
دوره 14، شماره 4
1401
صفحه 741-769

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