تبیین مدل مهارت‌های شناختی رهبران و مدیران سازمانی برای تصمیم‌گیری در محیط ووکا

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه استراتژی و سیاست‌گذاری کسب‌وکار، دانشکده مدیریت کسب‌وکار، دانشکدگان مدیریت، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

2 دانشیار، گروه مدیریت رسانه و ارتباطات کسب‌وکار، دانشکده مدیریت کسب‌وکار، دانشکدگان مدیریت، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

10.22059/jibm.2024.371903.4747

چکیده

هدف: اهمیت ویژگی‌های مدیران و رهبران در موفقیت سازمان‌ها و شیوۀ تصمیم‌گیری آن‌ها در محیط‌های پُرتلاطم و نامطمئن، بر کسی پوشیده نیست. بر همین اساس، هدف این مطالعه، شناخت مهارت‌ها و شیوه‌هایی است که رهبران و مدیران به‌کار می‌گیرند تا سازمان خود را در محیطی ووکا هدایت کنند؛ چرا که ضرورت محیط ووکا تصمیم‌گیری قاطع و سریع است و ابهام و پیچیدگی به این موضوع دامن می‌زند؛ از این رو پژوهش حاضر بر آن است که به این پرسش پاسخ دهد: رهبران/ مدیران برای هدایت سازمان و تصمیم‌گیری مؤثر در محیط ووکا، به چه مهارت‌های شناختی نیاز دارند؟
روش: برای اجرای این پژوهش، از مرور نظام‌مند استفاده شده است. دلیل استفاده از این روش، آن است که تعداد و گسترۀ مدل‌های شناختی در ادبیات مدیریت بسیار زیاد است و ساختار نظام‌مند مشخصی ندارد. همچنین مطالعۀ نظام‌مند به پژوهشگر در درک خلأ نظری موجود و تشابه و تفاوت ادبیات نظری یاری می‌رساند. در پایان انجام مرور نظام‌مند، الگویی برای مهارت‌های شناختی رهبران و مدیران، شناسایی و ارائه شده است؛ از این رو رویکرد این پژوهش «اکتشافی» است. مرور نظام‌مند این پژوهش، بر اساس الگوی هفت‌مرحله‌ای کیچنهام و چارترز بوده است.
یافته‌ها: در این پژوهش ابتدا سؤال راهنما برای انجام مرور نظام‌مند تعریف و پس از آن، واژگان کلیدی مشخص شد. سپس پایگاه‌های داده‌ها انتخاب و معیارهای حذف و اضافه تعیین شد. با جست‌وجو در پایگاه‌های مشخص شده و بر اساس واژگان کلیدی، در مجموع ۲۱۶۳ سند، اعم از کتاب، مقاله و پایان‌نامه گردآوری شد. برای سنجش کیفیت متن‌های انتخابی، از چارچوب کالدول استفاده شد. برای تحلیل، ابتدا به هر مدرک یک کد تخصیص یافت؛ سپس کدگذاری باز برای دسته‌بندی متن‌ها انجام گرفت. پس از انجام کدگذاری اولیه، مقوله‌ها و مضمون‌های یافت شده با هدف شناسایی مهارت‌ها و توانمندی‌های رهبری در محیط ووکا دسته‌بندی شدند. در متون انتخاب شده، رویکردها و مفهوم‌های متنوعی در توصیف رهبران و مدیران در محیط ووکا به‌کار رفته است که خود نشان‌دهندۀ اهمیت موضوع در دنیای کسب‌وکارهای امروز است. در حالی‌که در سال‌های اولیه ۲۰۰۰، ضرورتی به مطالعه در این موضوعات احساس نمی‌شد به‌تدریج محیط کسب‌وکار با ابهام، پیچیدگی، تغییرات طوفانی و عدم‌قطعیت عجین شد و پژوهشگران، کم‌کم مدل‌های جدیدی در رهبری ارائه کردند. در این پژوهش پس از دسته‌بندی مقوله‌ها، سه مضمون کلیدی در رهبری در محیط ووکا شناسایی شد.
نتیجه‌گیری: این پژوهش با درنظرگرفتن محیط ووکا و تأثیر آن بر فرایند تصمیم‌گیری مدیران و رهبران بر اساس مهارت‌های شناختی و سبک‌های رهبری به موضوع مهارت‌های رهبری نگاهی جدید انداخت، این در حالی است که اغلب مطالعات پیشین به بررسی سبک‌ها یا رفتارهای رهبری از منظر خاصی مانند تأثیر آن بر نوآوری، دانش سازمانی یا توسعۀ پایدار پرداخته‌اند یا رهبری را در شرکت‌های خانوادگی یا بر اساس فرهنگ یا محیط خاصی و حتی بر اساس ملیت یا جنسیت بررسی کرده‌اند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Developing a Cognitive Skills Model for Organizational Leaders and Managers in Decision-Making within the VUCA Environment

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hanieh Hafezniya 1
  • Manouchehr Ansari 2
1 Ph.D. Candidate., Department of Strategy and Business Policy Making, Faculty of Business Management, College of Management, University of Tehran, Iran.
2 Associate Prof., Department of Media Management and Business Communication, Faculty of Business Management, College of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Objective
The importance of managerial and leadership characteristics in organizational success, particularly in decision-making in turbulent and uncertain environments, is well recognized. Given that decision-making in the VUCA environment must be quick and decisive while accounting for ambiguity and complexity, this study aims to identify the cognitive skills managers and leaders should utilize to guide their organizations in such conditions. Specifically, the research seeks to answer the question: What cognitive skills do leaders and managers need to make effective decisions and steer the organization in the VUCA environment?
 
Methodology
This research employed a systematic literature review due to the wide range and lack of a specific, structured framework for cognitive models in the management literature. A systematic approach also enables researchers to identify theoretical gaps, as well as the similarities and differences within existing literature. After the review, a model for the cognitive skills of leaders and managers was identified and presented, making the approach of this study 'exploratory.' The review was conducted using the seven-step model developed by Kitchenham and Charters.
 
Findings
In this research, the guiding question was first defined, followed by the determination of keywords. The relevant databases were then selected, and inclusion and exclusion criteria were established. A total of 2,163 items, including books, articles, and theses, were collected through keyword searches in the specified databases. The Caldwell framework was applied to assess the quality of the selected texts. For analysis, each document was assigned a code, and open coding was performed to categorize the texts. After the initial coding, the categories and themes found were classified to identify leadership skills and capabilities in the VUCA environment. In the selected texts, various approaches and concepts have been used to describe leaders and managers in the VUCA environment, which shows the importance of the topic in today's business world. In the early 2000s, there was little need to study these issues; however, over time, the business environment became increasingly characterized by ambiguity, complexity, turbulent changes, and uncertainty, leading to the development of new leadership models. In this research, after categorizing the data, three key themes in leadership within the VUCA environment were identified.
 
Conclusion
This research provides a fresh perspective on leadership skills by considering the VUCA environment and its influence on the decision-making processes of managers and leaders, with a focus on cognitive skills and leadership styles. In contrast, most prior studies have examined leadership from specific angles, such as its impact on innovation, organizational knowledge, or sustainable development, or have focused on leadership in family businesses, particular cultural or environmental contexts, or based on factors like nationality or gender.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Cognitive skills
  • Organizational leaders
  • Decision-making
  • VUCA environment

مراجع

دیواندری، علی (۱۴۰۰). سخن سردبیر: پژوهش‌های تفسیری و کمک به درک پیچیدگی‌های مدیریت. مجله مدیریت بازرگانی، ۱۴(۳)، ۳۷۸-۳۷۷.
شیرزاد، منصور؛ ابویی اردکان، محمد؛ نظری، محمدعلی و قلی‏پور، آرین (۱۳۹۷). بررسی عصب‌شناختی مغز رهبران سازمانی در فعالیت مرتبط با تفکر استراتژیک: چگونه برای مطالعه و آزمایش با ابزار الکتروآنسفالوگرافی کمی، تکالیف شناختی طراحی کنیم؟ مجله مدیریت بازرگانی، ۱۱(۱)، 63-86.  
 
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دوره 17، شماره 2
1404
صفحه 526-564

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